Summary

Chapter 1 covered three main topics. It introduced biology. It explained the process of science, and it discussed the five unifying themes of biology.

Scientific Study of Life
In this part, it was explained that life was organzied into different categories. It is arranged into three domains. These domains are Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya. Taxonomy is how these domains are organized into smaller groups. This hierarchy is ordered from largest to smallest as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, species. Also, there are three types of kingdom. Kingdom fungi include the fungi and organisms that decompose organic waste. Kingdom Animalia includes organisms that each other organism to get energy. Kingdom Plantae is made up of plants. They use photosynthesis to get energy.

The Process of Science
Science is a way of knowing the world. Scientists use a process to discover new things. Firstly, they observe the surrounding things. Then, scientists research the things they need. Thirdly, they make a hypothesis for the next step of the experiment. The experiment is a way that scientists test their data and their hypothesis. Scientists will collect data from the experiment. The last step is to have an analysis to conclude their experiment. In an experiment, scientists observe data. Qualitative data involves descriptions of the changes that occur. These changes involve what the eye sees, such as changes in colors and shapes. However, quantitative data can be measured using numbers. The length, height or weight of something is quantitative.

Five themes in Biology
There are five themes of biology. Evolution, flow of information, the structure and function , the transfer of energy and matter, interaction within, the structure and function, the transfer of energy and matter and life needs interaction within and between are the five major theme in biology.

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How has technology (Artificial Intelligence) influenced
the development of DNA?

Our Opinion:

The development of technology, specifically the invention of Artificial Intelligence, has significantly influenced the knowledge and understanding of DNA. AI can recognize every person’s DNA. AI can also sometimes see the things that the doctors can not see, this can help the doctor decide what they should do to treat the patient. AI tells the doctors what medicine they should use for the patient. Furthermore, AI can assist scientists. Al can find information for the scientist about a person’s DNA, and let the scientist have more ideas about how this DNA works. For example, it can help provide a diagnosis to assist the doctor in making their decision about the best treatment for the patient. This can be done as AI can help a doctor analyze the best type of medicine to use for a patient that has the least amount of side effects. Furthermore, AI tools help predict DNA’s regulatory role and 3D structure. This kind of technology was developed by Dr. Zhou and is used to identify mutations and health conditions that form diseases like leukaemia and limb malformations. This helps scientists discover the reasons for these diseases to create medicines and remedies to counteract them. Moreover, this data can be published online to share with other scientists to assist their research in finding treatments for these conditions.

Darwin and Evolution

Chapter Review Questions

1. What are the three domains?
   • a. Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya,
   • b. Domain Insect, Domain Animal, Domain Eukarya
   • c. Domain Water, Domain Pizza, Domain Ice-cream
2. What is a hypothesis? (Describe in your own words)
3. Which theory best describes how organisms change overtime?
   • a. natural selection
   • b. cells
   • c. the three domains
   • d. the biosphere
4. A group of similar cell form a what?
   • a. organs
   • b. community
   • c. tissue
   • d. system

Vocabulary Review

Sentence Making:
taxonomy, genes, lineages, interdependent, phenomenon, yields, accumulation, subpopulation, organs, organisms

1. Viruses invade ____________ compromising their immune system.
   
2. __________ determine a person’s physical and biological characteristics.
   
3. The human body is made up of several key _____________.
   
4. Scientists have found a large ________________ of a new type of insects.
   
5. Ecosystems involve the transformation, circulation and _________________ of energy and matter.
   
6. _____________ is an important branch of Biology.
   
7. The scientific data ______________ surprising results.
   
8. ________ in biology trace the ancestral connection between organisms.
   
9. The Northern Lights are a natural _________________.
   
10. The development of science is ________________ with technology.

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